Canadian Safety Reporter this week drew our attention to two qualitative studies, joint ventures between past and present scientists from Toronto-based Institute for Work and Health (IWH), and colleagues in Australia. Both studies shed light on the oft-neglected stakeholder in the return-to-work process: co-workers.
Study 1: Factors affecting co-worker support, key conclusions
Among the key conclusions, Debra Dunstan of the University of New England in Australia and co-author Ellen MacEachen reported:
- Most co-workers have no information regarding when a returning co-worker is due to arrive at the workplace
- Confusion about job reassignment is common.
- In terms of offering support, the most willing co-workers are those with a pre-existing positive relationship with the returning worker.
- Other factors influencing willingness and consistency of support included: workplace culture (e.g. are workers team-oriented?) and the duration of the required support.
Notably, although some workers in the study saw the return-to-work process in positive terms, most described the process as detrimental. Commenting, Dunstan and MacEachen:
Specific negative impacts on co-workers included extra work or heavier duties, and disruptions of personal work effectiveness, organizational effectiveness and workplace social relationships. In the worst-case scenarios, co-workers suffered ‘ripple effects’ such as emotional distress, physical injury and termination of their own employment.
Additionally, confidentiality/privacy requirements posed challenges to supporting the process. Continue Dunstan and MacEachen:
Co-workers, who saw themselves as potential resources in RTW planning, sometimes felt shut out of the process due to confidentiality requirements — even when they wanted to show support to the returning worker…as well, co-workers’ lack of information about the nature of the workplace injury sometimes led to damaging rumours and speculation.
Study 2: The Structure of work, key conclusions
The second return-to-work study echoed the findings of the first (above). The study, led by Agnieszka Kosny, former scientist at the Toronto-based Institute for Work and Health and now a research fellow at Australia’s Monash University, concluded:
- The structure of work can impede co-worker support and contribute to making injured workers’ experiences difficult.
- Factors and work conditions contributing to these difficulties include:
- a competitive and cost-cutting culture that facilitates the view of injured workers as a liability
- job insecurity (i.e. precariousness of work)
- different “camps” in the electrical sector, which were unlikely to help each other (for example, those with steady employment versus those with non-permanent work)
little modified work - poor official communication among workplace parties.
Comments Kosney:
Management can model acceptable and unacceptable behaviours for their workforce…it sets an example for how injured workers are regarded and treated.
Improving co-worker experiences with the return-to-work proces
Study 1 authors Dunstan and MacEachen proposed some ways that management can improve co-workers’ experiences with return-to-work. These include:
- hiring replacement staff to ease the workload on co-workers;
- communicating effectively so co-workers understand the injury (respecting privacy);
- consulting about return-to-work plans;
- receiving guidance on how to best help;
- tangible acknowledgement recognizing co-worker contributions (e.g. monetary compensation, extra holiday time).
More information
For more information on Dunstan’s research, see the presentation here, with links on that page to the presentation slides (PDF format).
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